原理概述

Principle overview

止血带止血是用于四肢大出血急救时简单、有效的止血方法，它通过压迫血管阻断血行来达到止血目的。但如使用不当或使用时间过长，止血带可造成远端肢体缺血、坏死，造成残废，为此，只有在出血猛烈，用其它方法不能止血时才能应用止血带。止血带以橡皮条或橡皮管为好，不宜用布带、电线等无弹性的带子。绑扎位置应在伤口的上方(近心端)，并尽量靠近伤口，以上臂的上1/3和大腿上中部为好，小腿和前臂不能上止血带，因该处有两根骨头，血管正好走在两骨之间，上止血带起不到压迫血管的作用。上臂的中1/3部位亦不能上止血带，因它可能引起神经损伤而致手臂瘫痪。

Tourniquet hemostasis is a simple and effective method of hemostasis for emergency treatment of large limbs bleeding. It can achieve the purpose of hemostasis by compressing blood vessels and blocking blood flow. However, if used improperly or over time, the tourniquet can cause ischemia and necrosis of the distal limb, resulting in disability. For this reason, the tourniquet can only be applied when the bleeding is too high and can not be stopped by other methods. Rubber or rubber tube tourniquet as well, no elastic cloth belt, wire should not be used. Binding should be in the position above the wound (Jin Xinduan), and as close as possible to the wound, the upper arm and thigh central 1/3 as well, not the calf and forearm tourniquet, because there are two bones, vessels just walk in between two bones, no tourniquet for vascular compression. The 1/3 part of the upper arm can not be attached to the tourniquet because it may cause nerve damage and cause paralysis of the arm.

急救方法

first aid

选定止血带的部位后，应先在该处垫好布条，把止血带拉紧，缠肢体两周打结，松紧要适宜，以观察伤口不出血为度。上止血带要记好时间，冬天每隔半小时、夏天每隔1小时要放松l/2分钟，然后再绑起来。再绑时部位要上、下略加移动。对大出血病人，应在上止血带的同时，尽快送医院治疗。

After selecting the place of the tourniquet, you should put a cloth on it, tighten the tourniquet, and tie the limbs for two weeks. The tightness should be suitable to observe the wound without bleeding. Take a tourniquet. Remember to relax for 1 minutes every half hour and summer, and then tie it up for l/2 minutes. When you tie it, move it up and down. For patients with large bleeding, should be in the tourniquet at the same time, as soon as possible to the hospital for treatment.

要用无菌水（煮沸后的水）清洗伤口，并且用干净的指头轻轻找出深层的动脉，用消毒线小心扎住动脉。这是开放性的伤口被触及的第一次。

Clean the wound with sterile water (boiled water), and gently tap the deep artery with clean fingers. Carefully line the artery with a sterile wire. This is the first time an open wound has been touched.

如果动脉断裂得很彻底，末端可能会萎缩，寻找会很困难。当你确信动脉在某小块组织中时，可以用大号的针将整个组织都缝扎起来。

If the artery is broken thoroughly, the end may atrophy and it will be difficult to find. When you believe that the arteries are in a small piece of tissue, you can stitch the entire tissue together with a large needle.

检查手术是否成功的同时，尽快松开止血的绷带，弄清楚导致出血的动脉，是否仅仅是包扎完毕的那一条血管。如果发现仍会流血，应立即重新扎上止血带，继续寻找破裂的血管。组织中会有其他的小血管，它们会提供肢体维持生理代谢所必需的血液，维持循环。

To check the success of the operation, release the hemostatic bandage as soon as possible to make sure that the artery leading to bleeding is only the vessel that has been bandaged. If it is still bleeding, the tourniquet should be immediately re placed to continue searching for the ruptured vessel. There are other small blood vessels in the tissue that provide the body with the blood necessary to maintain physiological metabolism and maintain circulation.

不要把止血带留在原处。

Don't leave the tourniquet in place.

使用部位

Use parts

需要使用止血带的只有两个部位：前臂（就在腋下）和大腿的上部。选择宽度至少5厘米(2英寸)的布带，当作止血带来使用。如果被迫使用更窄的线（电线或者是绳索）的话，必须垫上折叠多层的布料，以减少不适感，避免损伤神经或者肌肉。

There are only two areas where the tourniquet needs to be used: the forearm (just below the arm) and the upper part of the thigh. Select the width of at least 5 cm (2 inches) of the cloth, as a tourniquet use. If you are forced to use a narrower line (wire or rope), you must fold the fabric over the top to reduce discomfort and avoid damaging nerves or muscles.

止血时，将止血带沿着肢体捆绕3圈，系成一个半结，在结上放上一根轻便的短棍，再把它捆成双结。必须把止血带捆紧一些，直到出血停止。

When will the tourniquet hemostasis, along the body wrapped around the 3 laps, a 1.5 node, put on a light by the knot, and then tied it in. The tourniquet must be tied up until the bleeding stops.

止血时，止血带必须捆得足够紧，以阻止血液供应，但是要有间隔地松开一次，上述捆扎的方法可以方便松开。

When hemostasis, the tourniquet must be tied tightly enough to prevent blood supply, but it should be released at intervals. The strapping method can be easily released.

血管结扎好后，应完全解开止血带。

When the blood vessel is ligated, the tourniquet should be completely removed.