| 止血带急救止血措施 |
| 添加时间：2019/1/9 15:08:04 浏览次数： |
| 止血带止血法，主要是用橡皮管或胶管止血带将血管压瘪而达到止血的目的。这种止血方法较牢固、可靠，但只能用于四肢动脉大出血。 The tourniquet hemostasis method mainly uses rubber tube or rubber tube tourniquet to compress blood vessels and achieve the purpose of hemostasis. This method of hemostasis is firm and reliable, but it can only be used for massive arterial hemorrhage of extremities. 1. 止血带结扎法 橡皮止血带使用方法：左手拿橡皮带、后头约16cm要留下;右手拉紧环体扎，前头交左手，中食两指挟，顺着肢体往下拉，前头环中插，保证不松垮。如遇到四肢大出血，需要止血带止血，而现场又无橡胶止血带时，可在现场就地取材，如布止血带、线绳或麻绳等。用布止血带止血时，放平入环，拉紧固定。用线绳或麻绳止血时，可绞紧固定。 1. Use method of tourniquet ligation rubber tourniquet: left hand holding rubber belt, about 16 cm behind; right hand tightening ring body ligation, front hand to left hand, middle forefinger holding, pulling down along the limbs, inserting in the front ring, to ensure that it does not loosen. In case of massive hemorrhage of extremities, tourniquet is needed and there is no rubber tourniquet on site, local materials can be obtained, such as cloth tourniquet, thread or hemp rope. When using cloth tourniquet to stop bleeding, put in a flat ring and tighten and fix it. When using rope or hemp rope to stop bleeding, it can be tightened and fixed. 2. 使用止血带时应注意的问题 2. Problems to be noticed when using tourniquet (1) 止血带应放在伤口的近心端。上臂和大腿都应绷在上1/3的部位。上臂的中1/3禁止上止血带，以免压迫神经而引起上肢麻痹。 (1) The tourniquet should be placed near the heart of the wound. The upper arm and thighs should be stretched over one third of the area. The upper tourniquet is forbidden in the middle third of the upper arm, so as not to cause upper limb paralysis by compressing nerves. (2) 上止血带前，先要用毛巾或其他布片、棉絮作垫，止血带不要直接扎在皮肤上;紧急时，可将裤脚或袖口卷起，止血带扎在其上。 (2) Before the tourniquet is put on, it should be padded with towel or other cloth or cotton wool. The tourniquet should not be tied directly to the skin. In case of emergency, the trousers'feet or cuffs should be rolled up and the tourniquet should be tied to it. (3) 要扎得松紧合适，过紧易损伤神经，过松则不能达到止血的目的。一般以不能摸到远端动脉搏动或出血停止为度。 (3) To tie tightly and properly, excessive tightness is liable to damage nerves, but excessive looseness can not achieve the purpose of hemostasis. Generally speaking, it is impossible to touch the distal artery pulsation or stop bleeding. (4) 结扎时间过久，可引起肢体缺血坏死。因此要每隔1h(上肢或下肢)放松2～3min;放松期间，应用指压法暂时止血。寒冷季节时应每隔30min放松一次。结扎部位超过2h者，应更换比原来较高位置结扎。 (4) Long ligation time can cause limb ischemia and necrosis. Therefore, it is necessary to relax for 2 to 3 minutes every 1 hour (upper limb or lower limb); during relaxation, finger pressure is applied to temporarily stop bleeding. Relax every 30 minutes during the cold season. If the ligation site is more than 2 hours, the ligation should be replaced at a higher position than the original one. (5) 要有上止血带的标志，注明上止血带的时间和部位。用止血带止血的伤员应尽快送医院处置，防止出血处远端的肢体因缺血而导致坏死。 (5) Mark the upper tourniquet, indicating the time and location of the upper tourniquet. The wounded with tourniquet should be sent to hospital as soon as possible to prevent the necrosis of the limbs at the distal end of the bleeding site due to ischemia. |
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